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Abel Dean's avatar

Dr. Winegard, I agree completely, and I point out that conceding the definition of the word "race" is conceding the robust fortress of evolutionary biology, where the concept of race is rooted. We simply can not have the diverse tree of life on Earth without having races diverging within species. The word "race" is still used abundantly among biologists of many fields.

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Abel Dean's avatar

Interesting related conversation with ChatGPT.

Me:

Do biological human races exist?

ChatGPT:

The concept of biological human races is a controversial one, and the scientific consensus is that there is no evidence to support the idea of discrete biological races within the human species. Instead, human genetic variation is continuous and does not follow clear-cut boundaries.

Although physical differences such as skin color, hair texture, and facial features may vary among individuals from different geographic regions, these differences are the result of adaptations to local environments rather than a clear-cut classification of biological races.

Moreover, the genetic differences between individuals within the same geographic region are often greater than the differences between individuals from different regions. In other words, genetic variation is not neatly organized into discrete groups or races.

Therefore, it's important to avoid using the concept of biological race as a basis for discrimination or prejudice, as there is no scientific basis for it. Instead, we should celebrate our shared humanity and recognize the value and diversity of different cultures and ethnicities.

Me:

Do biological races exist among non-human species?

ChatGPT:

The concept of biological races or subspecies exists among non-human species, and it is a recognized category in biological classification. In non-human species, subspecies are defined as groups within a species that share distinct physical, genetic, or behavioral characteristics and have evolved in geographic isolation from other groups within the same species.

However, it's important to note that the concept of subspecies is still debated in biology and can be subjective. Some scientists argue that the genetic and morphological differences between populations of a species are not sufficient to warrant recognition as separate subspecies, while others believe that such differences are significant enough to warrant such classification.

Additionally, the concept of subspecies is used in a descriptive rather than prescriptive manner in biology, meaning that it is used to describe patterns of variation among populations rather than to impose value judgments on them. Therefore, the use of subspecies in non-human species should not be conflated with the concept of race in humans, which is a socially constructed and often divisive concept.

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